> jpa-patterns
Spring Boot中的JPA/Hibernate模式,用于实体设计、关系处理、查询优化、事务管理、审计、索引、分页和连接池。
curl "https://skillshub.wtf/affaan-m/everything-claude-code/jpa-patterns?format=md"JPA/Hibernate 模式
用于 Spring Boot 中的数据建模、存储库和性能调优。
何时激活
- 设计 JPA 实体和表映射时
- 定义关系时 (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne, @ManyToMany)
- 优化查询时 (N+1 问题预防、获取策略、投影)
- 配置事务、审计或软删除时
- 设置分页、排序或自定义存储库方法时
- 调整连接池 (HikariCP) 或二级缓存时
实体设计
@Entity
@Table(name = "markets", indexes = {
@Index(name = "idx_markets_slug", columnList = "slug", unique = true)
})
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
public class MarketEntity {
@Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Column(nullable = false, length = 200)
private String name;
@Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 120)
private String slug;
@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
private MarketStatus status = MarketStatus.ACTIVE;
@CreatedDate private Instant createdAt;
@LastModifiedDate private Instant updatedAt;
}
启用审计:
@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
class JpaConfig {}
关联关系和 N+1 预防
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "market", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
private List<PositionEntity> positions = new ArrayList<>();
- 默认使用延迟加载;需要时在查询中使用
JOIN FETCH - 避免在集合上使用
EAGER;对于读取路径使用 DTO 投影
@Query("select m from MarketEntity m left join fetch m.positions where m.id = :id")
Optional<MarketEntity> findWithPositions(@Param("id") Long id);
存储库模式
public interface MarketRepository extends JpaRepository<MarketEntity, Long> {
Optional<MarketEntity> findBySlug(String slug);
@Query("select m from MarketEntity m where m.status = :status")
Page<MarketEntity> findByStatus(@Param("status") MarketStatus status, Pageable pageable);
}
- 使用投影进行轻量级查询:
public interface MarketSummary {
Long getId();
String getName();
MarketStatus getStatus();
}
Page<MarketSummary> findAllBy(Pageable pageable);
事务
- 使用
@Transactional注解服务方法 - 对读取路径使用
@Transactional(readOnly = true)以进行优化 - 谨慎选择传播行为;避免长时间运行的事务
@Transactional
public Market updateStatus(Long id, MarketStatus status) {
MarketEntity entity = repo.findById(id)
.orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Market"));
entity.setStatus(status);
return Market.from(entity);
}
分页
PageRequest page = PageRequest.of(pageNumber, pageSize, Sort.by("createdAt").descending());
Page<MarketEntity> markets = repo.findByStatus(MarketStatus.ACTIVE, page);
对于类似游标的分页,在 JPQL 中包含 id > :lastId 并配合排序。
索引和性能
- 为常用过滤器添加索引(
status、slug、外键) - 使用与查询模式匹配的复合索引(
status, created_at) - 避免
select *;仅投影需要的列 - 使用
saveAll和hibernate.jdbc.batch_size进行批量写入
连接池 (HikariCP)
推荐属性:
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=20
spring.datasource.hikari.minimum-idle=5
spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=30000
spring.datasource.hikari.validation-timeout=5000
对于 PostgreSQL LOB 处理,添加:
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation=true
缓存
- 一级缓存是每个 EntityManager 的;避免在事务之间保持实体
- 对于读取频繁的实体,谨慎考虑二级缓存;验证驱逐策略
迁移
- 使用 Flyway 或 Liquibase;切勿在生产中依赖 Hibernate 自动 DDL
- 保持迁移的幂等性和可添加性;避免无计划地删除列
测试数据访问
- 首选使用 Testcontainers 的
@DataJpaTest来镜像生产环境 - 使用日志断言 SQL 效率:设置
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG和logging.level.org.hibernate.orm.jdbc.bind=TRACE以查看参数值
请记住:保持实体精简,查询有针对性,事务简短。通过获取策略和投影来预防 N+1 问题,并根据读写路径建立索引。
> related_skills --same-repo
> skill-comply
Visualize whether skills, rules, and agent definitions are actually followed — auto-generates scenarios at 3 prompt strictness levels, runs agents, classifies behavioral sequences, and reports compliance rates with full tool call timelines
> santa-method
Multi-agent adversarial verification with convergence loop. Two independent review agents must both pass before output ships.
> safety-guard
# Safety Guard — Prevent Destructive Operations ## When to Use - When working on production systems - When agents are running autonomously (full-auto mode) - When you want to restrict edits to a specific directory - During sensitive operations (migrations, deploys, data changes) ## How It Works Three modes of protection: ### Mode 1: Careful Mode Intercepts destructive commands before execution and warns: ``` Watched patterns: - rm -rf (especially /, ~, or project root) - git push --force
> product-lens
# Product Lens — Think Before You Build ## When to Use - Before starting any feature — validate the "why" - Weekly product review — are we building the right thing? - When stuck choosing between features - Before a launch — sanity check the user journey - When converting a vague idea into a spec ## How It Works ### Mode 1: Product Diagnostic Like YC office hours but automated. Asks the hard questions: ``` 1. Who is this for? (specific person, not "developers") 2. What's the pain? (quantify