> laravel-migrations-and-factories

Safe database change patterns; when to modify vs add migrations; always pair models with migrations and factories; seeding guidance

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SKILL.mdlaravel-migrations-and-factories

Migrations and Factories

Keep schema changes safe, testable, and reversible.

Commands

php artisan make:model Post -mfc

# Run/rollback
php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:rollback --step=1

# Fresh DB (dangerous; dev only)
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

Rules

  • Pair each new model with a migration and a factory
  • If a migration was merged to main, never edit it—add a new one
  • On feature branches, you may amend migrations created on that branch (if not merged)
  • Seed realistic but minimal datasets in seeder classes; keep huge datasets external

Factories

  • Prefer state modifiers (e.g., ->state([...])) over boolean flags
  • Use relationships (e.g., belongsTo) in factories to build realistic graphs
  • Keep factories fast; move expensive setup to seeds where possible

Testing

  • Use factories in tests; avoid manual inserts
  • For integration tests touching DB, use transactions or RefreshDatabase

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first seenMar 17, 2026
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